The paper relies on Spivak's concept of displacement and uses its insights to reflect the case of Muslim women's displacement. It acknowledges that the two novels trace the processes of transformation of the female protagonists in a metropolitan context, but focuses on how this process entails several reflections on their experience as triply displaced. This paper seeks to read the two novels as offering alternative forms of knowledge of Muslim women 'displaced' experiences.
Both novels reflect the empowerment of the female characters Nazneen and Najwa who grapple with their migrant experience. Since the two writers come of Asian and African/ Arab backgrounds, their delineation of their "Muslim" female characters allow for a more comprehensive view of the daunting experiences of migrant 'ordinary' women who find themselves triply displaced as women/ Oriental / Muslim. This paper seeks to explore the complex representation of Muslim women characters in two texts by two Muslim writers who live or have lived in Britain namely Monica Ali and Leila Aboulela.
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